Excavation began on her most magnificent surviving monument-the temple she built at Deir el-Bahri near the Valley of the Kings, across the Nile from modern Luxor. Some twenty years after her death, however, monuments bearing her image were ruthlessly defaced, and her name was erased from historical accounts.Īll memory of this fascinating history in pharaonic lore was lost until mid-nineteenth century, when Hatshepsut was rediscovered by Egyptologists and her place in history restored. Hatshepsut's reign, fully accepted by a flourishing Egypt, introduced a period of immense artistic creativity. In accordance with Egyptian ideology and representational tradition, she was often depicted as a male king. After acting as regent for her young nephew-stepson Thutmose III, Hatshepsut assumed the title of king and exercised the full powers of the throne as senior co-ruler with Thutmose. Cleopatra may be the most famous woman of ancient Egypt, but far more significant was Hatshepsut, a female pharaoh who reigned for nearly twenty years in the fifteenth century B.C., during the early period of the New Kingdom.
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